Renal calculi form in the kidneys. They may form in the calyces and other parts of the collecting system (as in the case of nephrolithiasis), or in the renal parenchyma (as in nephrocalcinosis). They may be caused by dietary/lifestyle influences on urine makeup and pH, infection, disease, or by abnormal tissue becoming calcified (dystrophic calcification). Their makeup varies consisting of (Non-exhaustive list):
-Oxalate
-Phosphate
-Struvite
-Urate
-Cystine
Lagre stones may inhibit and damage nephrons, threatening kidney function. Medium to small stones may pass into the ureter, where it may get lodged, causing hydronephrosis and intense pain.
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Variation |
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Medullary nephrocalcinosis—calcium phosphate |
